RESUMEN La hipercetonemia o cetosis bovina es un desorden metabólico, que se caracteriza por el incremento patológico de cuerpos cetónicos (beta-hidroxibutirato (βHB), Acetoacetato (AcAc) y acetona) y ocurre en el periparto de vacas de leche. El origen primario de la enfermedad es el balance energético negativo (BEN), que puede ser desencadenado por el incremento excesivo de los requerimientos energéticos o la presentación de enfermedades posparto, resultando en la presentación de signos clínicos o disminución de la producción de leche. El objetivo de esta revisión consiste en describir, mediante un modelo, los procesos bioquímicos del rumen y los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, involucrados con incremento excesivo de los cuerpos cetónicos. En resumen, se realizó un modelo fisiológico uniendo literatura fragmentada, sobre la relación entre la función ruminal, hepática y la inducción de lipolisis e incremento de la actividad de Carnitil-Palmitoil transferasa-1 (CPT-1), cuyo resultado puede ser la producción excesiva de Acetil-CoA que, junto con la falta de propionato y oxalacetato (precursores de gluconeogénesis y ciclo de Krebs), dan lugar a la producción patológica de acetoacetato y beta-hidroxibutirato.

ABSTRACT Bovine hyperketonemia or ketosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), Acetoacetate (AcAc), and acetone) in periparturient dairy cows. A Negative Energy Balance (NEB) is identified as the primary cause of the disease, which is triggered by the excessive increase of energy requirements or the presence of postpartum diseases, resulting in the appearance of clinical signs or decreased milk production. The purpose of this review is to describe the rumen’s biochemical Process and the physiopathological mechanisms involved in the excessive production of ketone bodies. After conducting a literature review, a physiological model was carried out in order to understand the relationship between the rumen and liver functions with lipolysis induction and increased CPT-1 activity. The above may result in the overproduction of Acetyl-CoA, which together, with the lack of propionate and oxaloacetate (gluconeogenesis and Krebs cycle precursors), leads to the pathological production of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate.

ABSTRACT Objective: to carry out an integrative review of the literature on autobiographical narratives as a discursive activity in the older adult with neurocognitive disorder. Methods: a descriptive study that covered the Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, from 2009 to 2019, using the keywords autobiographical, narrative, dementia, reminiscence, the elderly, and the Boolean operator. A narrative synthesis was adopted considering the characteristics of the clinical, and methodological heterogeneity of the studies. Results: the results included 3 articles published between 2012 and 2018, in the English language, from the United Kingdom, Brazil, and Argentina, which highlighted the autobiographical narratives. Although in a strict sense they did not present the narrative as a specific objective of the autobiographical study, they did provide interesting and related data which justified their inclusion. Conclusion: it is observed that the literature researched presents a limited number of articles, adressing the autobiographical narrative as a discursive activity in the elderly with neurocognitive disorder.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar una revisión integrativa de la literatura sobre la narrativa autobiográfica como actividad discursiva del adulto mayor con trastorno neurocognitivo. Métodos: estudio descriptivo que cubrió las bases de datos Scopus, SciELO, PubMed y Science Direct, en el periodo de 2009 a 2019, con las palabras clave: narrativa autobiográfica, demencia, reminiscencia, adulto mayor y el operador booleano and. Se adoptó una síntesis narrativa considerando las características de la heterogeneidad clínica y metodológica de los estudios. Resultados: los resultados comprenden 3 artículos, publicados entre 2012 a 2018, en Reino Unido, Brasil y Argentina. Aunque en stricto sensu no presentan como objetivo específico el estudio de aspectos discursivos de la narrativa autobiográfica, entregan datos interesantes y relacionados a ella, lo que justifica su inclusión Conclusión: se observa que todavía hay un número limitado de artículos en la literatura con el enfoque de la narrativa autobiográfica como actividad discursiva de la persona mayor con trastorno neurocognitivo.

Esta investigación presenta un perfil comparativo de calidad de vida de personas con discapacidad intelectual que asisten a centros de formación laboral. Se aplicó la Escala Integral, Evaluación Objetiva y Subjetiva de Calidad de Vida a personas con discapacidad intelectual (N = 751 para la evaluación subjetiva) y a los profesionales a cargo (N = 82 para la evaluación objetiva). La autopercepción de las personas respecto de su calidad de vida es superior a la percepción de los profesionales a su cargo y destaca la dimensión de bienestar laboral; y en la evaluación objetiva, la dimensión inclusión social. En ambas evaluaciones, la autodeterminación es una de las dimensiones con menor nivel de consecución. En la evaluación subjetiva, el grupo femenino tiene una mejor percepción en la dimensión bienestar laboral, y el grupo masculino en la dimensión bienestar emocional y físico. En la evaluación objetiva existen diferencias significativas a favor del grupo masculino en inclusión social, y en bienestar laboral a favor del grupo femenino. Los profesionales del paradigma social puntúan más alto en las dimensiones de autodeterminación, bienestar material e inclusión social.

This study reports a comparative profile of Quality of Life of people with intellectual disabilities attending vocational training schools in Chile. To this end, the QOL profile of people with disabilities (N=751) was obtained by means of a Subjective Assessment. Equally, the professionals in charge of the people with intellectual disabilities (N=82) were also assessed by means of an Objective Assessment. The self-perception of people with intellectual disabilities in respect to their Quality of Life was higher than the perception of the professionals in charge of them. In the Subjective Assesment used to obtain the profile of people with disabilities, the Occupational Wellbeing dimension stood out, and in the Objective Assessment, the Social Inclusion dimension emerged. Furthermore, Self-determination stood out as one of the dimensions with the lowest level of achievement in both assessments. It was also found that the female group had a better perception of the Occupational Wellbeing dimension and the male group had a better perception of the Emotional and Psychological Wellbeing dimension. In respect to the Objective Assessment, significant differences in the Social Inclusion dimension were found, favoring the male group; likewise, significant differences favoring the female group were also found regarding the Occupational Wellbeing dimension. Additionally, the highest scores in the dimensions of Self-determination, Material Wellbeing and Social Inclusion were given by the professionals working at schools with a social paradigm.

Apesquisa apresenta um perfil comparativo de qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência intelectual, que assistem a centros de formação laboral. Aplicou-se a Escala Integral, Avaliação Objetiva e Subjetiva de Qualidade de Vida a pessoas com deficiência intelectual (N=751), Avaliação Subjetiva, e aos profissionais a cargo (N=82), Avaliação Objetiva. A autopercepção das pessoas com respeito a sua qualidade de vida é superior à percepção dos profissionais a seu cargo, destacando a dimensão de Bem-estar Laboral; e na Avaliação Objetiva a dimensão Inclusão Social. Em ambas as avaliações, a Autodeterminação é uma das dimensões com menor nível de consecução. Na Avaliação Subjetiva, o grupo feminino tem uma maior percepção na dimensão Bem-estar Laboral, e o grupo masculino na dimensão Bem-estar Emcional e Físico. Na Avaliação Objetiva existem diferenças significativas a favor do grupo masculino em Inclusão Social e em Bem-estar Laboral a favor do grupo feminino. Os profissionais do paradigma social pontuam mais alto nas dimensões de Autodeterminação, Bem-estar material e Inclusão social.

On February 27th 2010 a Mw=8,8 earthquake occurred in south-center Chile that caused coseismic uplift and subsidence. The littoral zone of the Biobío Region was uplifted causing widening of the beaches, the emersion of the marine abrasion platform, drying of rivers and wetlands and intertidal biota death. The coast between Valparaíso and O'Higgins regions experienced subsidence that caused reduction of the width of the beaches, deepening of rivers, submergence of coastal bars, vegetation flooding and drying. The tsunami drags coastal sands and vegetation into the interior. The coastal sands became with low compaction, were reworked in 2010 and 2011 due to the storm waves, widen beaches, reconstructing what had decreased by coseismic subsidence, as well as the coastal bars.

El 27 de febrero de 2010 ocurrió un terremoto Mw=8,8 en el centro-sur de Chile que provocó alzamientos y subsidencias cosísmicas. El litoral de la Región del Biobío tuvo alzamiento cosísmico que generó el ensanchamiento de playas, la emersión de la plataforma de abrasión marina, desecamiento de ríos y humedales y muerte de biota intermareal. Por el contrario, el litoral entre las regiones de Valparaíso y O'Higgins experimentó subsidencia cosísmica que provocó una disminución del ancho de las playas, profundización de ríos, sumergencia de barras litorales e inundación de vegetación y su desecación. El tsunami arrastró arenas litorales y vegetación hacia el interior. Las arenas del litoral que quedaron sueltas, fueron redepositadas en 2010 y 2011 debido a las marejadas, ensanchando playas, reconstruyendo aquellas que habían disminuido por la subsidencia cosísmica así como las barras litorales.

Study about the pertinence in the utilization of available norms of measuring children who are part of the socially vulnerable population in the city of Punta Arenas. The evaluation of intellectual abilities is an important feature of the labor of specialists who conduct interventions in vulnerable underage population, even though there is little information about the psychometric quality of some of the instruments applied in the process. This is the case of the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test (1991) that thanks to its easy access, application and evaluation, is one of the most used screening test in Chile. The aim of this research is to evaluate the reliability of the use of available criteria, for that there were selected 75 subjects from residential systems of protection. The results prove that Chilean norms are closer to the observed averages. It is discussed the utility of the use of specific norms for this group and their both ethical and professional implications.

La evaluación de las habilidades intelectuales es parte importante de la labor de los especialistas que realizan intervención en población infantil vulnerable, aunque existe poca información sobre la calidad psicométrica de alguno de los instrumentos utilizados. Este es el caso del Test de Matrices Progresivas Raven (1991), que por su fácil acceso, aplicación y evaluación, es uno de los test de despistaje más utilizado en Chile. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la conveniencia del uso de baremos disponibles, para lo cual se seleccionaron a 75 participantes provenientes de sistemas residenciales de protección. Los resultados indican que baremos chilenos resultan más cercanos a las medias observadas. Se discute la utilidad del uso de normas específicas para este grupo y sus implicancias tanto éticas como profesionales.